A Deadly Game: Teen Abuse of Cough Syrup and Over-The-Counter Medications
by Linda Helper, RN
If you thought that the days of drinking cough syrup to get high were over when codeine and alcohol were no longer available in over-the-counter cough preparations-think again. Today's young teens are playing a deadlier game-by abusing dextromethorphan (DXM).
What It Is
DXM is a substance that is derived from morphine. It is an ingredient found in more than 120 over-the-counter cough, cold and allergy preparations. In small doses of 15 to 30 milligrams, it is an effective and safe cough suppressant. But in high doses-100 milligrams or more-it can cause powerful psychedelic effects similar to those produced by LSD. It can also be dangerous. Side effects of high doses of DXM include confusion, blurred vision, slurred speech, nausea, vomiting, muscle spasms, irregular heartbeat, high blood pressure, inability to regulate body temperature, loss of consciousness, seizures, and even death.
Why Teens Use DXM
DXM is generally used by younger people-even as young as 12-because it is readily available and inexpensive. It's also easy to find information about how to get high on DXM on the Internet. And kids don't even need to drink cough syrup to go "Dexing" or "Robotripping." Cold pills such as Coricidin HPB Cough & Cold preparation-offer a potent dose of DXM without the disgusting taste.
How it Works
DXM works directly on the brain to suppress coughs. It is broken down in the body by an enzyme. But some people's bodies are less efficient at digesting the medication, which makes it even riskier to take doses higher than directed.
What is more, most cold preparations contain other ingredients, which taken in high doses, have their own risks. This is the problem with Coricidin, which combines dextromethorphan and chlorpheniramine maleate, an antihistimine. Both of these ingredients are metabolized in the body by the same enzyme, amplifying the effects of each drug and leading to potentially dangerous side effects.
Speak Up
Parents can help to prevent the abuse of over the counter medications by becoming informed about teen recreational drug use-and then talking to their children about the risks. Many DXM overdoses in teens occur when peers offer pills or medications during school hours. Unaware of the consequences, kids often think it seems like harmless fun to get "buzzed" on something that can be bought easily at the local store. Arm your child with the knowledge and power he or she needs to say no-before it's too late.
